Protein Nitration and DNA Oxidation Increase in DBA Retinas Protein nitration due to oxidative stress occurs when nitric oxide and oxygen radicals combine to form peroxynitrite, which leaves a footprint that can be detected using antibodies to 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) [48]
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Zavodnik I, Buko V, Lukivskaya O, Lapshina E, Ilyich T, Belonovskaya E, Kirko S, Naruta E, Kuzmitskaya I, Budryn G, Zyzelevicz D, Orach J, Zakrzeska A, Kiryukhina L (2019) Cranberry peel polyphenol-rich extract attenuates rat liver mitochondria impairments in alcoholic steatohepatitis in vivo and after oxidative treatment in vitro
Among these, syn oligomers (synOs) are considered highly neurotoxic due to their ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, impair synaptic transmission, damage cellular membranes, and trigger intracellular inflammation and lysosomal stress [11]