The process of lipid peroxidation generates highly reactive products, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and acrolein, that can further react with proteins and enzymes, effectively amplifying the effects of A(142)-induced free radical processes [8
Golovine K, Makhov P, Naito S, Raiyani H, Tomaszewski J, Mehrazin R, et al
For example, the GST enzymes, part of phase II detoxification, are upregulated by the Nrf2 pathway.[ref][ref] Direct antioxidant effects: In addition to activating endogenous antioxidants via the Nrf2 pathway, sulforaphane also has some direct antioxidant properties, as it can scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
It is marked by massive iron-induced lipid oxidation, enhanced oxidative stress, and depletion of antioxidant defenses