Options include: Fortified foods : Nutritional yeast, plant-based milk alternatives, breakfast cereals, and meat substitutes fortified with B12 (check labels for content) Supplements : Daily supplements of 10 mcg or weekly doses of 2,000 mcg ensure adequate intake, as recommended by the British Dietetic Association The body absorbs approximately 50% of a 12 mcg dose but only about 1% of a 1,000 mcg dose through passive diffusion
3 RGN-259 Phase 3 Trial in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Sosne et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2022) This Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial evaluated topical 0.1% RGN-259 (full-length recombinant T4 ophthalmic solution) in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy
Some of the findings include the following: In a 2022 trial, subjects taking 1,000mg of urolithin A exhibited clinically meaningful improvements in their aerobic endurance and physical performance when compared to subjects who took either 500mg or a placebo.5 A separate 2022 trial examined the effects of 1,000mg urolithin A versus placebo in older adults after four months of daily supplementation
While oral supplements are a convenient option for many, injections provide a reliable and effective solution for those with absorption issues or more severe deficiencies
