Examining the immunomodulatory impact of pre-existing proinflammatory conditions, such as stress, on subsequent infection, rats subjected to chronic psychosocial stress followed by systemic exposure of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (polyl:C) to mimic infection, experienced prolonged and increased pain sensitivity, or allodynia, and depressive-like behavior, as compared to control animals, as well as enhanced microglia activation (Chijiwa et al., 2015)
Selenoprotein gene polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to KBD
Studies are not entirely consistent, but they mostly report an increase in Akkermansiaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, and a decrease in SCFA-producing Bacteroidetes and Clostridia clusters (Palm et al., 2015
Moreover, HPL restored alanyl-aminopeptidase (Anpep) expression and metabolite shifts, promoting antioxidative metabolite processing, and recovery