6,638,521, 6,562,363, 6,509,028, 6,348,502, 6,319,513, 6,306,789, 5,814,330, and 4,900,552, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety
Excessive ROS triggers oxidative stress Although ROS production in mitochondria is in balance with an intracellular antioxidant system under physiological conditions, the balance is easy to be disrupted under pathological conditions, such as radiation, hypoxia, cytokines, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, which results in the accumulation of ROS, facilitating oxidative stress, cell damage, and diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, respiratory disease, and so on
Concurrent use of other nasally administered medications
Although 5-amino-1MQ has not yet been extensively studied in this context, its demonstrated ability to increase NAD+ levels in other tissues has prompted interest in exploring whether similar effects may occur in the brain