Traditional pharmacological agents, including corticosteroids, hydroquinone and aminomercuric chloride, lighten skin tone through the inhibition of either melanocyte maturation or interference with the process of melanogenesis
Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY and Kolahi AA: Comparison of vitamin E and propionyl-L-carnitine, separately or in combination, in patients with early chronic Peyronie's disease: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study
doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23806.x
The cumulative effect is elevated oxidative stress within ovarian follicles, as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ovarian homogenates of HFD-fed murine models ( Different studies underscored the role of adipose-derived inflammatory mediators in driving oxidative stress under HFD conditions, linking them to follicular dysfunction and a reduced ovarian reserve ( Additional studies also report that chronic inflammation impairs key intracellular signaling cascades, such as PI3K/Akt and mTOR, in granulosa cells, thereby promoting ROS accumulation and impairing follicular maturation ( Altogether, these findings indicate that HFD-induced metabolic inflammation is a central mechanism underlying ROS-mediated ovarian damage
