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The nicotine found in cigarettes and vaping devices is a stimulant

"The results of this study support health warnings that there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke," the study's lead author says in a National Institutes of Health news release

People who vape e-cigarettes in an effort to stop smoking tobacco cigarettes should be cautioned against using both and instead should switch over completely from smoking to vaping, with an ultimate goal of stopping vaping as well. Senior author Nancy Rigotti, MD, director of the Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, adds: This study helps identify how e-cigarettes can best be used to reduce the harms caused by smoking cigarettes

doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0769-5