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It is worth noting that while excessive mitophagy is widely recognized as a critical factor leading to cell death via mitophagy-related apoptosis and pyroptosis, a previous study indicated that extensive mitochondrial depletion via mitophagy did not affect necroptotic cell death [64], which raises the possibility that other factors promote necroptosis

(classified as CST-IV), we observed that they had significantly more perturbed metabolic profile than other CSTs when compared to their non-smoking counterparts

Cigarette smoking among adults United States, 1999

While cigarette butts do make up a healthy plurality of th litter picked up off California's coastline (about 35 percent), this is not the same thing as the percentage of plastic marine debris made of cigarette butts