Pre-pulse Inhibition (PPI) PPI is an electromyography measure of eye blink responses (i.e., one's eye muscle movement) to a startling auditory tone
Results The study comprised 8,671 adolescent individuals who were nave to cigarette smoke in the third wave and were participants of the fourth and fifth waves, of which 55% (n=4,823) were 12 to 14 years of age, 51% (n=4,454) were men, and 51% (n=3,763) were Whites of non-Hispanic ethnicity
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For ex-smokers, the multivariate analysis showed no association between motivation because of the packs appearance and the various sociodemographic variables studied (sex, age, income, educational level, occupational status)