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As noted above, hardware may also introduce contamination into the formulation over time, either through the process of leaching heavy metals or through chemical reaction

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 45.Yuan M, Cross SJ, Loughlin SE, Leslie FM

9 Smoke and combustion-free alternatives For adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, switching to a smoke-free alternative could reduce their risk of Smoking-related harm, such as lung cancer , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) and cardiovascular diseases, compared to continued Smoking

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