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Tar total particulate matter (nicotine and water) Filter with titanium oxide accelerant Flavours Liquid vapour Benzene Formaldehyde Acrolein N-nitrosamines Non-particulate matter There are approximately 50 known carcinogens in cigarettes (Canadian Cancer Society, 2007b) Prevention: Youth & Adolescents Most smokers began smoking before age 18 Many people start smoking at an age when they are easily influenced by peers and advertising Young adults (between the ages 20 24 years) Highest smoking rate (27%) Relatively brief smoking history Often identify themselves as social smokers Social smokers are at risk of becoming regular smokers (Gilpin, White & Pierce, 2005) On-campus Student Smoking Cessation Programs Most campuses have smoking cessation programs Student health services in campus clinics Peer-to-peer programs and activities Advocate for improved campus smoking policies Example: Leave the Pack Behind (LTPB) in Ontario Protection: Second-hand smoke Second-hand smoke: Also known as environmental tobacco smoke Combination of: Side stream smoke (smoke from the end of a cigarette) Smoke exhaled by the smoker 67% of smoke from a burning cigarette is not inhaled by the smoker and ends up in the surrounding environment (Health Canada, 2007) Second-hand smoke (cont.) 4000 chemicals have been identified in second-hand smoke 50 of these are known carcinogens (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2000) Examples: Second-hand smoke (cont.) Labeled as a known human carcinogen Labeled as a class A cancer-causing substance (Class A = most dangerous) Causes at least 1000 deaths annually in Canada Cessation: Smokers and Quitting Smoking Why do people continue to smoke

Project 1 is now co-led by Zachary Bitzer, PhD, assistant professor of public health sciences, and Thomas Spratt, PhD, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology

3.3 Conclusion Future tobacco duties may be at risk due to down-trading trends and the associated price differential between the top and lower end of the cigarette market

Aveyard, et al