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Countries like China, India, Indonesia, and Japan stand out as some of the largest consumers of cigarettes globally, with smoking prevalence influenced by cultural norms, social acceptance, and entrenched traditions

In the mouth microbes of e-cigarette smokers, the abundance of Saccharibacteria (TM7) (G-1 and G-5), Selenomonas , Campylobacter , Prevotella , Actinomyces , and Corynebacterium was significantly upregulated

doi: 10.1002/ppul.25804 101

Inflamed, red gums are often an early sign of gum disease, but with the narrowed blood vessels, this early warning sign can be missed until your periodontitis progresses to a worse stage